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STV Royston Grange
The STV ''Royston Grange'' was a British cargo liner which was destroyed by fire after a collision in the Rio de la Plata on 11 May 1972. She had been built in 1959 and was owned by the Houlder Line. She was the first British ship to be lost with all hands since 1951.〔(lost with all six hands ) The SS ''Pandora'' of Beaumaris was lost with all hands on 22 October 1951.〕
==Disaster==
The 7,113 ton ''Royston Grange'', carrying 61 crew, 12 passengers (including six women and a five-year-old child), and an Argentinian harbour pilot, was bound from Buenos Aires to London with a cargo of chilled and frozen beef and butter. As she traversed the Punta Indio Channel, 35 miles from Montevideo, Uruguay, in dense fog at 5.40 a.m. she collided with the Liberian-registered tanker ''Tien Chee'', carrying 20,000 tons of crude oil. The ''Tien Chee'' immediately burst into flames and a series of explosions rapidly carried the flames to the ''Royston Grange'', which burned particularly hot due to the cargo of butter and the oil escaping from the ''Tien Chee''. Most of the crew and passengers were asleep. Although the ''Royston Grange'' did not sink, every person on board was killed in the fire, most of them probably by carbon monoxide fumes emanating from the refrigeration tanks, which burst in the collision.〔However, the refrigeration system on the ''Royston Grange'' was a modern electrical powered Freon system situated in a separate refrigeration room at the starboard side of the engine room. The freon gas was compressed and then cooled and injected into a large evaporation cylinder which then supercooled brine that was circulated through the evaporator. The supercooled brine was pumped at three temperature levels to the various cargo holds where the brine circulated through fan blown radiators to cool the cargo. The ship was also an unusual design in that the bridge section, which contained the navigating officers and passengers accommodation, had no direct connection with the engine room, and was separated by a cargo hold from the aft engineer officers and crew accommodation above the main engine room. It has been suggested that the crew and passengers were actually killed by the initial fierce fire caused by the crude oil leaking from the tanker and igniting after the collision, causing a very sudden high temperature with the fire consuming most of the oxygen. If the Freon refrigerant containers and evaporation tanks had burst, it would have needed a very high temperature which would have probably been reached after the death of all persons on board.〕
The ''Tien Chee'' also caught fire and ran aground, blocking all traffic in and out of the port of Buenos Aires. Eight of her 40 crew, who were mostly Chinese, also died, but the remainder along with the Argentinian pilot managed to abandon ship and were picked up by cutters of the Argentine Naval Prefecture.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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